How did Cortes and Pizarro conquer powerful empires?

Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer powerful empires such as the Aztecs and Incas largely due to their use of advanced weapons and armor, as well as forming alliances with local populations that had grievances against those empires. The Spanish conquistadors possessed firearms, steel swords, and cavalry, which provided them with a significant technological advantage over the indigenous peoples. Additionally, they often allied themselves with indigenous groups who were subjugated or oppressed by the empires, thereby gaining local support that was crucial for their military campaigns. This strategy of combining superior military technology with local alliances was a key factor in their success in conquering these formidable civilizations.