What landmark Supreme Court case established judicial review?

The landmark Supreme Court case that established judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. In this case, decided in 1803, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that it is the duty of the judicial branch to interpret the law and to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional. This ruling established the principle of judicial review, which gives the Supreme Court the authority to invalidate laws that contradict the Constitution. This foundational decision significantly shaped the balance of power among the branches of government, ensuring that the judiciary could check the legislative and executive branches if their actions overstepped constitutional boundaries. The case set a precedent that empowers the courts to interpret the Constitution and to ensure that the rule of law is upheld in the United States.