What motivated the Portuguese to seek a direct route to India?

The motivation for the Portuguese to seek a direct route to India primarily revolved around the desire to cut out the middleman in trade. During the 15th and 16th centuries, much of the trade between Europe and Asia was conducted through a series of intermediaries, including various Arab and Venetian traders, who would mark up prices on valuable goods like spices, silk, and precious stones. By finding a direct sea route to India, the Portuguese aimed to access these goods more cheaply and profitably, thereby significantly increasing their trade potential and economic advantage.

This quest was propelled by advancements in navigational technology and a desire to establish direct commercial ties with Asia, which was rich in resources that were highly sought after in Europe. The establishment of a direct route also aligned with a broader desire for exploration and territorial discovery, but the immediate economic incentives tied to trade efficiencies were the driving force behind the Portuguese voyages.