What was the time frame of the Olmec civilization?

The time frame of the Olmec civilization is accurately identified as 1200-400 BC. This period is significant as it marks the emergence of one of the earliest known complex societies in Mesoamerica. The Olmecs are often referred to as the "mother culture" of later civilizations in the region, laying foundational aspects of culture, religion, and societal organization that influenced subsequent groups like the Maya and the Aztec. Key achievements during this period include the development of large ceremonial centers such as San Lorenzo and La Venta, as well as advancements in art, architecture, and trade.

In contrast to the other options, the periods listed do not align with the established timeline of the Olmec civilization. The second option refers to a later Mesoamerican period after the height of the Olmec, while the third option incorrectly suggests a later timeframe that postdates major Olmec developments. The fourth option also shifts the timeline backwards, incorrectly suggesting an earlier timeframe that does not correspond with established archaeological evidence. The earliest systematic studies place the Olmec's peak well within the timeframe of 1200-400 BC.