Which civilization is known for developing the concept of zero?

The Maya civilization is credited with developing the concept of zero, which was a significant advancement in mathematics. They used a base-20 (vigesimal) numeral system, and the inclusion of zero allowed for more complex calculations and a clearer representation of numbers. The Maya developed a sophisticated written mathematical system that included not just numbers but also a calendar system that relied heavily on their numerical innovations.

This understanding of zero as a placeholder was crucial in their astronomical calculations and ultimately influenced mathematical practices beyond their civilization. This concept differed significantly from the numeral systems of other prominent Mesoamerican cultures, which did not utilize a symbol for zero in the same way the Maya did.