Which historical document declared the independence of the thirteen colonies?

The Declaration of Independence is the historical document that proclaimed the thirteen colonies' independence from British rule on July 4, 1776. Authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it articulates the colonies' grievances against King George III and establishes the philosophical foundation for the colonies' right to self-governance. This document not only served as a formal declaration of independence but also expressed the Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and the inherent rights of individuals, which played a crucial role in shaping the future governance of the United States.

The U.S. Constitution, while fundamental to the structure of the American government, was created later and established the framework for the government rather than declaring independence. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is a landmark document in the history of democracy but pertains to English law and privileges, not American independence. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution for the United States after independence was declared but did not play a role in the actual declaration itself. Thus, the Declaration of Independence stands out as the definitive document that announced the intent and necessity for the colonies to break free from British authority.