Which society is noted as one of the first great civilizations?

The Olmec civilization is recognized as one of the first great civilizations in Mesoamerica due to several key factors that distinguish it historically and culturally. Emerging around 1200 BCE in what is now southern Mexico, the Olmec are often referred to as the "mother culture" of later Mesoamerican societies. Their introduction of complex societal structures, including a form of government, religious practices, and monumental architecture, set the foundation for subsequent civilizations such as the Maya, Aztec, and Inca.

The Olmec are also famous for their large stone heads and other significant artistic works, which reflect sophisticated craftsmanship and social organization. Additionally, they developed one of the earliest known writing systems in the Americas, showcasing their advancements in communication and record-keeping. Their influence is seen in the cultural and technological developments that followed, marking them as a pivotal player in the rise of complex societies in the region.